Air conditioners keep our homes cool during hot weather and help us stay warm during cold snaps.
While most homes will have an air conditioning system, most people don’t understand how they work, or what all the components and air conditioner parts actually do.
When you begin to understand each of the air conditioner parts and function, it helps you to better decide if your system needs maintenance, repair, or even replacement.
In this article, we will help you understand each air conditioner component and how it works.
With a better understanding of each AC component, you can make a more informed decision about what you need to do to ensure your air conditioning works as it supposed to.
Air Conditioner Compressors
The AC compressor is considered the heart of an air conditioning system, and for good reason.
The compressor’s primary function is to circulate refrigerant throughout the AC system. The circulation of refrigerant gas and liquid refrigerant is a critical part of the whole AC system.
What does the AC compressor do?
The air conditioning compressor effectively pumps the refrigerant between the evaporator and condenser coils. It keeps the refrigerant flow moving and allows it to absorb heat from the indoor air. This heat is the moved outside expelled in the outdoor air.
Without the compressor, the refrigerant in your AC system would remain static, and the air conditioner is not able to cool your home.
Air conditioners come equipped with various types of compressors, each with a unique design and advantage.
The most common types include:
- Scroll compressors
This type of compressor is efficient and quiet, making it a favorite in residential homes. - Rotary compressors
These AC compressors are compact, and they are ideal for tight spaces. You can typically find them in window AC units. - Reciprocating compressors
These are known for their durability, and they work best in smaller AC systems.
Each type of compressor has its place. The choice depends on the system’s needs, accounting for factors such as size, noise level, and energy efficiency.
AC Refrigerant Fluids
Air conditioning refrigerants are the lifeblood of any air conditioning system, and several types are in use today.
When the refrigerant enters the evaporator coil, it absorbs heat from the indoor air, causing it to evaporate into a gas. This process cools the indoor air, allowing the refrigerant to carry the heat outside to the condenser coil. At the condenser coil, the refrigerant releases the heat outdoors and condenses back into a liquid, ready to repeat the cycle. Put simply, the refrigerant transfers heat, enabling the AC unit to cool the indoor environment effectively.
Handling refrigerants requires careful management. An AC professional must ensure both efficiency and compliance with environmental regulations. Regulations such as the Clean Air Act dictate how refrigerants are to be managed and discarded.
It’s adivisable to hire an HVAC technician to perform this process, as they stay informed about these regulations and can ensure your air conditioning system is compliant with standards.
Air Conditioning Coils
The evaporator coil plays a pivotal role in the air conditioning process. It absorbs heat from the air inside your home. As the refrigerant passes through the coil, it evaporates, drawing heat from the surrounding air and cooling it. This cooled air then circulates back into your living space, giving you comfort during the warm seasons. An efficient evaporator coil is essential for effective cooling. Regular maintenance can keep it clean, ensuring your AC unit operates at peak performance.
The condenser coil is located in your AC’s outdoor unit. While the evaporator coil is busy absorbing indoor heat, the condenser coil expels that heat outside. It is able to perform this action because of the refrigerant. When the refrigerant is in a high-pressure gaseous state, it condenses back into a liquid as it cools. A properly functioning condenser coil removes the heat from your home and helps continue the refrigeration cycle. Regular cleaning and maintenance are vital to prevent issues such as overheating and system inefficiency.
AC Fans and Blowers
Fans and blowers are integral components of an air conditioning system. Many common AC problems are related to a lack of cold air, which can be caused by issues with the blower fan.
What do the fans do in an AC unit?
The fans in an AC unit are responsible for moving the cooled air throughout your home. There are various types of fans and blowers. Each blower fan is designed to optimize airflow and energy efficiency.
Some systems use multi-speed fans. These fans adjust their speed based on the cooling needs, thus conserving energy. Other systems incorporate variable-speed blowers that precisely control air circulation. This process enhances comfort and efficiency.
HVAC Air Filters
Air filters may seem like a small part of an air conditioning system, but they have a significant impact on your indoor air quality. Filters trap dust, pollen, and other airborne particles, preventing them from circulating through your home. Ensuring you have high quality air filters in your HVAC system can reduce the risk of allergies.
HVAC air filters come in various types. Fiberglass filters capture large particles, and HEPA filters can trap microscopic contaminants. Some AC filters are better for homes with pets, and other can help with seasonal pollens.
For anyone with allergies or respiratory issues, selecting the right air filter is crucial for maintaining a healthy indoor environment.
Regularly replacing or cleaning air filters is essential to ensure the efficiency of your AC unit and the cleanliness of the air you breathe.
Control Systems and AC Thermostats
Thermostats serve as the command center for your air conditioning system. They allow you to set and maintain your desired temperature.
Advancements in thermostat technology have led to programmable and smart thermostats. These options offer enhanced control and convenience. These devices can learn your schedule and adjust the temperature accordingly, leading to significant energy savings.
Sensors are the unsung heroes of an efficient air conditioning system. They monitor various conditions to ensure optimal performance. Temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and pressure sensors all work together. They provide the automation that makes modern AC units user-friendly and energy-efficient.
These sensors feed information to the control system. This system can make adjustments in real time, keeping your home’s climate consistent and comfortable.
The Importance of Regular AC Maintenance
Regular AC maintenance is crucial for your air conditioner’s performance.
Although it might seem like the system is functioning fine, having regular check-ups and schedule AC maintenance can prevent unexpected breakdowns. It also ensures that every air conditioning part functions at its best.
Clean filters allow air to flow freely, reducing strain on the motor. The motor works less, using less energy. Clean coils transfer heat more efficiently, keeping the cooling process effective.
During a maintenance visit, technicians tighten electrical connections. This process helps prevent overheating and damage to components. Professionals also lubricate moving parts.
Lubrication reduces friction, and less friction means parts last longer. Technicians check the refrigerant level as well. The correct refrigerant level is necessary for optimal cooling. Too little or too much affects performance and efficiency.
Regular maintenance spots small problems before they become major emergencies. Fixing issues early saves money and extends the unit’s life. It also maintains energy efficiency. An efficient unit costs less to run. It reduces energy bills. With less stress on your unit, it can last much longer, contributing to a longer lifespan.
Reliable Home Comfort is a Los Angeles AC Repair Company offering AC maintenance, new AC systems, and helping your AC components healthy and efficient.
To schedule time with our team, contact us online or call our friendly team at (562) 543-5987.
